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How the IMF is Promoting Transparent and Accountable Use of COVID-19 Financial Assistance




May 5, 2020

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Country-Specific Information (As of May 30, 2020):

Information for U.S. citizens in Pakistan is disseminated via the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP). Register and check your email often.

The United States Embassy and Consulates General in Pakistan remain closed for routine services for U.S. citizens. We will resume services as soon as possible but are unable to provide a specific timeline. However, we do continue to provide emergency consular services to U.S. citizens, please review our website for appointment information. Visa services are also suspended, additional information is posted on our website.

U.S. Citizens Who Want to Depart Pakistan:
The Government of Pakistan will permit commercial outbound passenger flights from all international airports except Gwadar and Turbat effective May 30. Inbound passenger flights remain suspended. Limited domestic flight operations from five major airports – Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and Quetta are available.
Qatar Airways announced regular flights from Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, and Karachi effective May 31 to Doha (Hamad International Airport) with onward service available to points in the United States. Other commercial carriers are expected to announce outbound commercial service, as well.
United States citizens who want to depart Pakistan should utilize commercial options. The U.S. Mission to Pakistan cannot assist in booking commercial flights, and seats must be booked directly with the airline or your preferred travel arranger.
The U.S. Mission to Pakistan has repatriated more than 3,200 private U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, and their immediate family members to the United States on ten U.S. government charter flights. The U.S. Mission to Pakistan is not planning additional charter flights to the United States.

U.S. Citizens in Pakistan:
Stay healthy! Transmission rates continue to increase across Pakistan. For U.S. citizens in Pakistan, we urge you to review the CDC’s latest recommendations to reduce your risk of contracting COVID-19.
On May 7, the Government of Pakistan announced an ease in some of the nationwide lockdown restrictions. Additionally, the Islamabad Capital Territory and Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces have varying degrees of lockdowns and may elect to modify the Government of Pakistan’s nationwide lockdown restrictions.
Due to the travel disruptions caused by COVID-19, foreign nationals currently in Pakistan (to include U.S. citizens) whose Pakistani visa expired after March 15, 2020, have been granted an automatic extension until June 30, 2020, per Pakistan’s Ministry of Interior. Full details are available in our April 30 Health Alert Update #36.
U.S. citizens in Pakistan with COVID-19 symptoms, or who have tested positive for COVID-19, should follow their medical provider’s instructions. U.S. citizens in Pakistan are subject to Government of Pakistan and provincial government health care screening and treatment requirements.
The requirement for COVID-19 positive patients to enter isolation wards is a Pakistani government policy. Only specific hospitals are accepting COVID-19 patients, and your hospital of choice may not be treating such patients. Please consult the Government of Pakistan’s COVID-19 website for information on hospitals with isolation units.
The Embassy and Consulates General cannot arrange for the transfer to a different hospital or release of U.S. citizens from the isolation wards. U.S. citizens in isolation wards or their families should speak directly to hospital staff regarding possible transfer.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Global Level 3 Travel Health Notice on March 27. Upon arrival to the United States, all international passengers will be subject to CDC screening, health observation, and monitoring requirements. For additional questions, visit CDC’s website at COVID-19 Information for Travel. You can view Pakistan-specific information at the following link.

Routine Consular Services:

As of March 17, the United States Embassy and Consulates in Pakistan canceled all routine consular services, including all visa services and routine services to U.S. citizens. We will resume routine services as soon as possible but are unable to provide a specific date at this time.

The Embassy and Consulates General will continue to provide emergency consular services to U.S. citizens on a case-by-case basis, including emergency U.S. passports. To schedule an emergency appointment, applicants must first contact the appropriate consular section by email to discuss the nature of their emergency. If the emergency appointment is approved, applicants will receive an email confirmation with further instructions.

Contact information is available on our website.

Entry and Exit Requirements:

Travelers arriving in Pakistan are subject to local health requirements, which could include isolation or quarantine. The Department of State has a Global Level 4 Health Advisory – Do Not Travel recommendation in effect. U.S. citizens are not encouraged to travel to Pakistan at this time.

Travelers departing Pakistan are subject to local health screening that may include a questionnaire and temperature monitoring. Passengers may be denied boarding.

Local Resources:

COVID-19 Websites

Updated May 5, 2020


COVID-19 Research Guide Home
NEW: Research Articles Downloadable Database
Databases and Journals
Search alerts:
Ovid
PubMed
Scopus
News
Secondary Data and Statistics
Websites


Below are websites to help researchers find research related to COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus).

Materials listed in these guides are selected to provide awareness of quality public health literature and resources. A material’s inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Public Health Service (PHS), or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nor does it imply endorsement of the material’s methods or findings.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s COVID-19 webpage
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Cases, Data, and Surveillance
CDC COVID Data tracker
NEW: Research articles downloadable database: The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library is systematically searching the literature and compiling a downloadable database of research articles and grey literature on COVID-19 for researchers. Updates are posted on Friday.
Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base provides up to date genomics and precision health information on coronavirus disease.
Open-Access Data and Computational Resources to Address COVID-19external icon
COVID-19 open-access data and computational resources are being provided by federal agencies, including NIH, public consortia, and private entities and can be found at the above link
COVID-19 Open Research Datasetexternal icon
Open dataset on more than 45,000 articles related to coronaviruses intended for use for researchers using natural language processing. Includes more than 33,000 full text articles on coronaviruses, including COVID-19.
National Institutes of Health’s coronavirus webpageexternal icon
LitCovid external iconis a database compiled by the National Library of Medicine from COVID-19 articles in PubMed
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ coronavirus webpageexternal icon
Law Librarians of Congress’ Resource Guide for researching COVID-19 legislation and policyexternal icon
U.S. Census Bureau’s COVID-19 demographic and economic data siteexternal icon
World Health Organization’s COVID-19 webpageexternal icon
WHO COVID-19 research article databaseexternal icon
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preventionexternal icon
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control’s COVID-19 webpageexternal icon
Google COVID-19 resource webpageexternal icon
The COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Indexexternal icon
Pairs CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index data with both epidemiological and healthcare system factors to identify communities in need of additional support and resources during COVID-19.COVID-19 (coronavirus)


Under pressure: COVID-19 and the funding of European higher education


Under pressure: COVID-19 and the funding of European higher educationNINA ARNHOLD, FRANK ZIEGELE, JUSSI KIVISTÖ| JUNE 02, 2020
EDUCATION

What would the world look like if all development data were as timely as COVID-19 case data?


At the same time as the number of people suffering from COVID-19 is increasing at a rapid pace, so is the amount of data related to the pandemic. A distinguishing feature of COVID-19 case data…DANIEL GERSZON MAHLER, PHILIP RANDOLPH WOLLBURG, DEAN MITCHELL JOLLIFFE, TALIP KILIC| JUNE 02, 2020

How will COVID-19 impact Africa’s trade and market opportunities?


The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to hit African economies extremely hard. According to the World Bank biannual Africa’s Pulse report, as a result of the pandemic, economic growth in sub-Saharan…DOUGLAS ZHIHUA ZENG| JUNE 02, 2020
HEALTH, TRADE

In Saudi Arabia, investments in digital infrastructure are paying off


Saudi Arabia has been investing steadily in digital infrastructure and services. Today, despite the COVID-19 lockdown, the country's advanced digital ecosystem has allowed Saudis to ensure…ZAKI KHOURY| JUNE 01, 2020
DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION, GOVERNANCEhttps://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/blog/covid19

Adapting in the pandemic to provide water and sanitation to Indonesia’s rural poor


The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the surface the everyday vulnerability in Indonesia, where 35 million people don’t have access to water and 70 million who lack basic sanitation.
Dispatches from the Field:
Scientists, experts and policy makers addressing the Covid-19 crisis around the world


We will overcome the COVID-19 pandemic only through effective collaboration and communication among scientists, experts, innovators and policymakers. Real-time sharing of experiences and insights will be critical in strengthening the science-policy-society interface, and contribute towards the solutions we need. The UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) is presenting here updates and analysis from experts belonging to the 10-Member Group to support the Technology Facilitation Mechanism and the Independent Group of Scientists for the Global Sustainable Development Report, and other thought leaders affiliated with the UN.

The views expressed here are the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United Nations or its Member States



The virus has made it clear: the future is now
Peter Messerli
Director, Wyss Academy for Nature and professor of sustainable development at the University of Bern, and co-chair of the group of 15 independent scientists drafting the 2019 UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR)
15 May 2020


The COVID-19 crisis has shone a harsh spotlight on a range of development challenges, and the choices the world makes now in its path to recovery will shape the trajectory of sustainable development for years to come.

G20 should be ‘anchor’ in COVID-19 storm
Xiaolan Fu
Founding director of the Technology and Management Centre for Development (TMCD) of the University of Oxford and former member of the 10-member high-level advisory group to support the United Nations Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM)
15 May 2020


An Oxford University scholar has called upon the Group of 20 (G20) countries to be the “anchor in a storm” for the COVID-19 pandemic, which she described as a “wake-up call for collaboration.”

Covid-19 and climate change: We must rise to both crises
Meg Taylor
Secretary-General of the Pacific Islands Forum and member of the UN Committee for Development Policy
15 May 2020


In the Pacific we aspire to endurance and sustainability. But progress is difficult to sustain when we face multiple threats that reverse decades of development gains in a matter of hours or days.

The French response to COVID-19: intrinsic difficulties at the interface of science, public health and policy
Jean-Paul Moatti
Former Chief Executive Officer of the French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Professor Emeritus, Aix-Marseille University, and member of the Independent Group of Scientists for the GSDR
28 April 2020


Faced with criticisms, French authorities claim that their policy towards the pandemic has been evidence-based—they appointed an advisory board of 11 scientists to help manage the crisis.
Power in a pandemic - why energy access matters during coronavirus
Damilola Ogunbiyi
Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sustainable Energy for All, Co-Chair of UN Energy, and CEO of SEforAll
14 April 2020


840 million people – predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa – are living without access to electricity. Reliable, affordable electricity is needed to keep people connected at home and to run life-saving equipment in hospitals.
Big data platforms for a global pandemic
Huadong Guo
Chairman of Academic Committee, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Member of the 10 Member Group for the Technology Facilitation Mechanism
3 April 2020


In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, a Chinese Academy of Sciences program known as Big Earth Data Science Engineering (CASEarth) began efforts to organize data and information towards curbing the outbreak. CASEarth coordinated a national effort to develop a global big data platform for coronavirus (http://nmdc.cn/nCov/en).

Ancestral wisdom and COVID-19
Myrna Kay Cunningham Kain
President of the Fund for Development of Indigenous Peoples of Latin American and the Caribbean (FILAC)
28 April 2020


For our peoples, health, life and Good Living are a complex interdependent whole that is part of interconnected relational networks, of human communities, social relations and relations with Mother Earth. This proposal raises the need for Intercultural and Inter-scientific Dialogue, in order to face the COVID-19 pandemic.
Calibrating the COVID-19 Crisis Response to the SDGs
Kevin P. Gallagher, William R. Kring, and Jose Antonio Ocampo
Gallagher and Ocampo are members of the UN Committee on Development Policy. Kring is assistant director of the Global Development Policy Center
14 April 2020


A global and multilateral response is needed that attacks the virus and puts the global economy back on a path to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris climate agreement.
The unbearable slowness of sustainability
Eeva Furman
Director of the Environmental Policy Centre at the Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, and Member of the Independent Group of Scientists for the Global Sustainable Development Report
3 April 2020


Open science and collaboration have played an important role when combatting the Covid-19. A vaccine would be a major advancement in research, but from the perspective of sustainable development, other issues need to be tackled as well. This calls upon interdisciplinary research and sustainability science, writes Eeva Furman in her Ratkaisuja blog

We are all in this together? More than you think
Marc Fleurbaey
Professor in Economics and Humanistic Studies, Professor of Public Affairs and the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and member of the UN Committee for Development Policy
28 April 2020


This crisis is a moment of reckoning. We need to rethink the way globalization, lean stocks and just-in-time management principles were making us all vulnerable to a shock in any part of the stretched-out supply chain.
International Science Council launches COVID-19 Global Science Portal
Heide Hackmann
Chief Executive Officer, International Science Council (ISC)
14 April 2020


The International Science Council has launched the COVID-19 Global Science Portal in response to this rapidly changing global emergency.
Does one size fit all? Realistic alternatives for COVID-19 response in low-income countries
Amanda Glassman
Executive Vice President of the Center for Global Development (CGD), CEO of CGD Europe, and Senior Fellow, and Member of the Independent Group of Scientists for the Global Sustainable Development Report
3 April 2020


While covid-19 is a global crisis, the strategies for tacking it may vary significantly from country to country. Amanda Glassman, together with Kalipson Chalkidou and Richard Sullivan, reflect on the challenges and options for low-income countries in this 2 April 2020 blog.CHRISTOPHE PREVOST, DIKSHYA THAPA, EKA HENDRA SETIAWAN| JUNE 02, 2020
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Page last reviewed: May 5, 2020
Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pakistan Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination COVID-19 Health Advisory Platform
Government of Pakistan Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination
Pakistan National Institute of Health
Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority

Other links:


Department of State COVID-19 Information
CDC – COVID-19
Pakistan: Country Information and Travel Advisory

COVID-19 is causing tragic loss of life and has disrupted our social and economic order at lightning speed on a scale that we have not seen in living memory. The IMF is working closely with its members to meet their need for emergency financing, while sustaining its fight against corruption and the misuse of urgently needed financial support. In this time of crisis, it is more important than ever to ensure that resources are used to protect lives and livelihoods.










How does the IMF help countries improve governance and fight corruption?




In 2018, the IMF adopted a Framework on Enhanced Engagement on Governance. Since then, the IMF has engaged in deeper and more candid discussions with our member countries when these issues could undermine the efficient functioning of the economy and threaten the interests of its citizens. These discussions take place through several channels:




Article IV surveillance: IMF country teams analyze governance and corruption issues and provide specific recommendations to enhance good governance and address corruption vulnerabilities, including on combatting transnational corruption.[1] To date, more than 30 staff reports have had dedicated, in-depth annexes or Selected Issues Papers on these topics.[2]

Lending programs: Governance-related conditionality is included when such vulnerabilities are critical to achieving the goals of the member’s program.[3]

Governance diagnostics: Staff has begun conducting detailed diagnostic studies to help identify specific reforms to strengthen governance across a range of areas. To date, 10 such reports have been completed or are underway.[4]


Capacity development: The IMF provides extensive technical assistance and training in the areas of fiscal governance, financial sector supervision, central bank governance, anti-money laundering measures, and anti-corruption frameworks.

Research and outreach: The IMF has a broad agenda of analytical and research work on governance issues,[5] as well as a range of outreach activities to promote collaboration with other international institutions, academia, and CSOs on this topic.




How can the IMF help enhance transparency and accountability with its emergency financing in the time of COVID-19?







In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the IMF maintains its commitment to address governance and corruption vulnerabilities in member countries. The IMF is working to balance the need for immediate COVID-19 financing against appropriate accountability and transparency to ensure, as best as possible, that financial help reaches those in need. IMF emergency financing is provided in upfront, outright disbursements. So while there is much less scope for attaching traditional conditions, the IMF is working on the following measures to promote transparency and accountability, and ensure its resources are used for their intended purpose:




1. Asking member authorities to commit in their Letters of Intent to ensuring that emergency assistance is used for the very urgent purpose of resolving the current crisis and not diverted for other purposes. Letters of Intent are published by the member country and are also available on the IMF website.




2. Assessing which public financial management, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering measures we can ask members to put in place without unduly delaying urgently-needed disbursements. For example, the IMF has asked member countries requesting emergency assistance to commit to (i) enhanced reporting of crisis-related spending; (ii) undertaking and publishing independent ex-post audits of crisis-related spending; (iii) ensuring procurement transparency by, for example, publishing procurement contracts; and/or (iv) preventing conflicts of interest and corruption by publishing the beneficial ownership information of firms awarded procurement contracts.. Specific examples include the following:

In Gabon, the authorities have committed to (i) report quarterly on the spending of emergency funds; (ii) commission an independent audit of this spending within six months of disbursements and publish the results; and (iii) publish related procurement contracts and the beneficial ownership information for the companies receiving those contracts.

In Moldova, the authorities have committed to (i) publishing information on crisis-related public procurement and beneficial owners of companies contracting with the government; (ii) continuing to enforce the anti-money laundering framework and asset declaration regime; and (iii) subjecting all crisis-mitigation spending to a dedicated audit by the Court of Accounts Chamber and making the report public.

In Nigeria, the authorities have committed to: (i) strengthening the role of the Federal Audit Board in combating corruption and the asset-declaration framework; (ii) fully implementing the risk-based approach to AML/CFT supervision while ensuring the transparency of beneficial ownership of legal persons; (iii) creating specific budget lines to facilitate the tracking and reporting of emergency response expenditures and report funds released and expenditures incurred monthly on the transparency portal (http://opentreasury.gov.ng/); (iv) publishing procurement plans, procurement notices for all emergency response activities—including the name of awarded companies and of beneficial owners—on the Bureau of Public procurement website; and (v) publishing no later than three to six months after the end of the fiscal year the report of an independent audit into the emergency response expenditures and related procurement process, which will be conducted by the Auditor General of the Federation.







These measures are generally encouraged as good practices to enhance transparency and accountability. Similar commitments have been made in Afghanistan, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mauritania, Pakistan, and São Tomé and Príncipe, among many other countries




3. Ensuring that emergency resources are subject to our “Safeguards Assessment” policy. These assessments provide reasonable assurance to the IMF that a central bank's framework of governance, reporting, and controls is adequate to manage resources, including IMF disbursements. Where there are shortcomings, IMF staff make time-bound recommendations and closely monitor their implementation. Given that emergency financing is provided as an upfront disbursement, such assessments will be conducted after the disbursement, but before the approval of any subsequent financing for the member country under a more traditional multi-year financing arrangement.




4. Continuing to include governance and anti-corruption measures in these countries’ multi-year financing arrangements, where warranted as part of our ongoing implementation of the 2018 Enhanced Governance Framework. Many of the countries receiving emergency assistance now either already have existing multi-year financing arrangements with the IMF or will be seeking such arrangements soon. These multi-year arrangements are better-suited than emergency financing to addressing longer-term structural issues that underpin poor governance and corruption.

























[1] Analysis on combatting transnational corruption has occurred on foreign-bribery issues (France, Germany, and Japan), anti-money laundering issues (the United States), and both areas ( Switzerland, Canada, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom).




[2] Topics discussed in Article IVs include fiscal governance (e.g., Bulgaria, Malaysia), central bank governance and operations (e.g., Liberia and Mozambique), financial sector oversight (e.g., India, Moldova), market regulation (e.g. Nigeria, South Africa), contract enforcement and property rights (e.g., Djibouti), anti-money laundering issues (e.g., Malta, Malaysia), and the anti-corruption framework (e.g., Bulgaria, Mexico).




[3] Several new programs have brought the fight against corruption to the forefront of their core objectives (e.g., Angola, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Liberia, Mali, Rep. of Congo).




[4] Upon the authorities’ request, so far governance diagnostic missions have been undertaken for ten countries (Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Honduras, Guinea Bissau, Republic of Congo, Paraguay, Peru, and Zimbabwe).




[5] One example of analytical work is the April 2019 Fiscal Monitor’s chapter on Curbing Corruption. The chapter assesses the fiscal costs of corruption and explores practices and institutions in the fiscal area that reduce opportunities and incentives for corruption.

How is the virus transmitted?













It’s likely that the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) originated in an animal species, and then spread to humans.













Person to person spread of the novel corona virus is reported, but it is not yet understood how easily this happens.

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2020/04/21/IMF-COVID-19-Response-A-New-Short-Term-Liquidity-Line-to-Enhance-The-Adequacy-Of-The-Global-49356?cid=em-COM-123-41481







IMF COVID-19 Response—A New Short-Term Liquidity Line to Enhance The Adequacy Of The Global Financial Safety Net




Author/Editor:




International Monetary Fund




Publication Date:




April 22, 2020




Electronic Access:




Free Download. Use the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this PDF file







Summary:




The COVID-19 pandemic has created severe disruption in the global financial system, with many emerging market and developing countries (EMDCs) facing liquidity shortages. In the context of intensified demand for liquidity and heightened global uncertainty, staff has revisited the 2017 proposal for a new facility to provide liquidity support to the Fund’s membership. This paper proposes the establishment of a new Short-term Liquidity Line (SLL) as a special facility in the General Resources Account (GRA), based on the key features of the 2017 blueprint.




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Policy Paper No. 20/025




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WTO and IMF heads call for lifting trade restrictions on medical supplies and food




April 24, 2020




As our members grapple with their response to the global health and economic crisis, we call for more attention to the role of open trade policies in defeating the virus, restoring jobs, and reinvigorating economic growth. In particular, we are concerned by supply disruptions from the growing use of export restrictions and other actions that limit trade of key medical supplies and food.










Trade has made cutting-edge medical products available throughout the world at competitive prices. Last year global imports of crucial goods needed in the fight against COVID-19, such as face masks and gloves, hand soap and sanitizer, protective gear, oxygen masks, ventilators, and pulse oximeters, totalled nearly $300 billion. Recognizing the importance of this trade, governments have taken dozens of measures to facilitate imports of COVID-related medical products—cutting import duties, curbing customs-clearance processes, and streamlining licensing and approval requirements.










We welcome these actions. Accelerating imports of critical medical supplies translates into saving lives and livelihoods. Similar attention should be paid to facilitating exports of key items like drugs, protective gear, and ventilators. Anticipating governments’ need to address domestic crises, World Trade Organization (WTO) rules allow for temporary export restrictions "applied to prevent or relieve critical shortages" in the exporting country. We urge governments to exercise caution when implementing such measures in the present circumstances.










This time is different










Taken collectively, export restrictions can be dangerously counterproductive. What makes sense in an isolated emergency can be severely damaging in a global crisis. Such measures disrupt supply chains, depress production, and misdirect scarce, critical products and workers away from where they are most needed. Other governments counter with their own restrictions. The result is to prolong and exacerbate the health and economic crisis—with the most serious effects likely on the poorer and more vulnerable countries.










To ramp up the production of medical supplies, it is essential to build on existing cross-border production and distribution networks.










Trade finance and food items










We are also concerned by the decline in the supply of trade finance. Adequate trade finance is important to ensure that imports of food and essential medical equipment reach the economies where they are most needed. Our institutions are tracking developments and engaging with key suppliers of trade finance.










In addition to restrictions on medical goods, curbs on some food items are starting to appear, despite strong supply. The experience in the global financial crisis showed that food export restrictions multiply rapidly across countries and lead to ever greater uncertainties and price increases. We are also concerned that if critical agricultural workers are not able to move to where the harvest is, crops could rot in the fields. Where new cropping seasons are starting, planting could be hampered, lowering both domestic and international supplies and increasing food insecurity. We urge governments to address these challenges in a safe and proportionate manner.










Cooperative effort needed










Amid the unfolding global financial crisis, global economic leaders in 2008 jointly committed to refrain for a year from new import, export, and investment restrictions. This pledge helped to avoid widespread trade restrictions that would have worsened the crisis and delayed recovery—just as trade restrictions deepened and prolonged the Great Depression of the 1930’s.










A similarly bold step is needed today. We call on governments to refrain from imposing or intensifying export and other trade restrictions and to work to promptly remove those put in place since the start of the year. The WTO and the G20 offer two forums for global policy coordination on these important matters.










History has taught us that keeping markets open helps everyone – especially the world’s poorest people. Let’s act on the lessons we have learned.







IMF Communications Department

MEDIA RELATIONS




PRESS OFFICER: MARIA CANDIA




PHONE: +1 202 623-7100EMAIL: MEDIA@IMF.ORG




@IMFSpokesperson




ENGLISH




Publication Date:




April 22, 2020




ISBN/ISSN:




9781513541709/2663-3493




Stock No:




PPEA2020025




Format:




Paper




Pages:




64







Please address any questions about this title to publications@imf.org




Other human coronavirus strains are spread from person to person through contaminated droplets from a person who is sick with the illness (through coughing or sneezing) or contaminated hands.













Is there a vaccine against the novel coronvirus?













Currently there are no available vaccine that protect against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)























Is there any treatment for Coronavirus Disease?













There is no specific treatment. It is mainly supportive treatment that aims at reducing symptoms.









PRECAUTIONS




Ways to prevent the disease













Wash Your Hands For 20sec




Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.













Cover Nose & Mouth When Sneezing




Cover coughs and sneezes with tissues.













Use Sanitizer




Use hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.













Avoid Crowded Places (Social Distancing)




As an individual, you can lower your risk of infection by reducing your rate of contact with other people. Avoiding public spaces and unnecessary social gatherings, especially events with large numbers of people or crowds, will lower the chance that you will be exposed to the coronavirus as well as to other infectious diseases like flu.













Avoid Contact With Sick People




Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness.




https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/pakistan/




https://www.coronatracker.com/country/pakistan/




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan




https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-covid-19-situation-update-21-april-2020

Pakistan: COVID-19 – Situation Update As of 21 April 2020Source

OCHA Posted 21 Apr 2020 Originally published 21 Apr 2020 Origin View original




Attachments

Download report(PDF | 353.54 KB)







HIGHLIGHTS




• The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pakistan has risen to 9,216 as of 21 April.

Increase of 798 new cases in the last 24 hours.




• The most affected province due to COVID-19 virus is Punjab 4,195, followed by Sindh 2,764.




• DFID Country Head, Ms. Annabel Gerry visited WHO Office. DFID has provided financial assistance of GBP 2,647,618 to WHO for responding to COVID-19 situation. The WHO Country Representative, Dr Palitha Mahipala appreciated DFID’s generous support to WHO and updated on the progress of implementation of COVID-19 response activities.




• Special Assistant to Prime Minister on National Health Services (NHS) Dr Zafar Mirza on Monday said foreign diplomats have expressed satisfaction over the measures taken by the government to combat novel coronavirus (COVID-19).




• Covid-19 appears to be spreading among younger residents of the capital, with 30-39 year olds becoming the third most vulnerable age groups, according to data collected by the capital administration.




• With Lahore emerging as epicenter of the Covid-19, Punjab has witnessed fast spread of the virus since March 31 as the disease has reached its 32 districts out of total 36.




• As the Covid-19 virus rages across Punjab, it leaves the transgender community at heightened risk of poverty and ill health because they exist on the fringes of society.




• Religious scholars on Monday backed Prime Minister Imran Khan's decision to extend the lockdown across the country, a press statement from the premier's office said.UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsTo learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit https://www.unocha.org/.Primary country

PakistanSource

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsFormat

Situation ReportTheme

HealthDisaster type

EpidemicLanguage

English

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